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Domestic Abuse in Later Life

Chapter One: Target Audience

1. While system based domestic abuse (DA) and sexual assault (SA) advocates generally work in nonprofit organizations that provide a range of services, community based advocates work in a prosecutor's office or within another system.

A. True B. False

Presentation Strategies-Principles of Adult Education

2. Each of the following is one of the critical elements of learning identified by research EXCEPT:

A. Motivation B. Transference C. Practicality D. Reinforcement

Chapter Two: What is Domestic Abuse in Later Life

3. Elder abuse is described as "a single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person."

A. True B. False

What Causes Domestic Abuse in Later Life?

4. Which is the following correctly describes the causes of domestic abuse for older adults?

A. Caregiver stress and anger are common causes of abuse, neglect, and exploitation of older adults B. The use of drugs and alcohol is a common cause of abuse and violence, and substance abuse treatment programs are often designed to eliminate abusive behavior C. Victims of child abuse often grow up and abuse their elder parents, and it is uncommon for them to have healthy adult relationships D. Domestic abuse happens when an individual chooses manipulative, threatening or physically violent behavior to gain power and control over another individual

Collaboration is Essential

5. Mandatory reporting of elder abuse by domestic violence and sexual assault advocates is often controversial because it diminishes victims' autonomy and compromises victim advocate confidentiality.

A. True B. False

Chapter Three: Setup and Background for Individual Components-Additional Background

6. When working with older victims who has been abused for many years, it is critical to understand the history, patterns of events, and obstacles faced, rather than focusing exclusively on the immediate incident of abuse.

A. True B. False

7. Many older victims find themselves in life-threatening or very dangerous situations in which they are unable to remain in their own homes, and they often turn to battered women's shelters for emergency housing.

A. True B. False

Effective Advocacy for Older Victims

8. Effective advocacy involves using a victim-centered approach that focuses on safety and:

A. Empowerment B. Security C. Accountability D. Collaboration

Chapter Four: Interdisciplinary Audiences

9. While some older abuse victims live in the community in their own homes or apartments, the largest percentage live in short or long term care facilities.

A. True B. False

10. Older victims who are expected to appear in court as witnesses may have physical or mental limitations so prosecutions should focus on physical evidence, suspects admissions and confessions, and:

A. Law enforcement reports B. Advocate and family member accounts C. Witness statements D. None of the above

11. Most elder abuse victims prefer to maintain some type of relationship with their abuser and do not want to get the abuser "in trouble," but simply want the abuse to end.

A. True B. False

12. When a victim separates from his or her abuser, high risk-factors for re-abuse include situations when the abuser:

A. Demonstrates obsessive behaviors, jealousy, or dominance B. Abuses drugs or alcohol or threatens suicide C. Has caused serious injury in prior abusive incidents D. All of the above

13. Although there may be challenges associated with medical needs, communities need to commit to holding abusers accountable regardless of their age and care needs.

A. True B. False

Chapter Five: Domestic Abuse and Sexual Assault Advocates

14. Barriers to living free from an abuser may include generational and religious values about marriage vows, and the role of women as spouse, mother, and __________, which may make it particularly difficult to leave.

A. Matriarch B. Nurturer C. Confidant D. Figurehead

15. With adult abuse victims, there tends to be the potential for untreated trauma, and some may be survivors of childhood sexual abuse.

A. True B. False

16. Whenever possible, adult abuse victims should be placed in support groups with victims of various ages and circumstances, as this help victims feel less isolated.

A. True B. False

The Ties That Bind

17. While men are more likely to use physical violence, women are more likely to engage in:

A. Emotional abuse B. Isolating behavior C. Neglectful acts D. None of the above

When He Shot Me (Annie)

18. Older abusers may be at an increased risk to harm others because they feel that in later life they "have nothing to lose."

A. True B. False

19. Which of the following is NOT one of the risk factors for elder homicide/suicide?

A. Attempts by the victim to leave the relationship B. A change in the health of either the victim or perpetrator C. Social isolation D. Victim depression or other mental health issues

Chapter Six: Adult Protective Services and Elder Abuse Professionals

20. While the domestic abuse movement operates under a philosophy of "self-determination," the philosophy of elder abuse workers is "empowerment."

A. True B. False

Questions for APS/Elder Abuse Workers

21. The community agencies that would assist older abuse victims with emergency or transitional housing needs would likely be:

A. Aging network resources B. Legal assistance groups C. Domestic abuse programs D. Social service organizations

22. When working with older abuse victims, one must recognize and respect individual differences in personal values such as cultural, historical, and _________ values.

A. Spiritual B. Generational C. Family D. Social

23. If victims decide to return to their abusers, workers must respect their decision and let them know that they can contact the appropriate agency again if life circumstances change and they need help in the future.

A. True B. False

24. Abusers may use justifications or excuses as general manipulations strategies, including each of the following EXCEPT:

A. Blaming another person for the abuse or telling an elaborate story about how the victim hurt him/herself B. Taking advantage of professionals' desire to see the best in others and their tendency not to suspect power and control strategies on the part of the abuser C. Acting angry or "or out of control" with the victim because of alleged "caregiver stress" but able to control behavior when outsiders are present or law enforcement arrives D. Agreeing to batterer's treatment, anger management, or stress reduction classes with no intention of following through or taking responsibility for the abuse

Chapter Seven: Professionals and Volunteers in the Aging Services Network

25. Professionals who work with older abuse victims tend to learn best through studying theoretical and research based trends in the fields of gerontology and domestic violence.

A. True B. False

I Can't Believe I'm Free

26. Victims of elder abuse may decline help because they fear being seriously injured or killed by the abuser, or because of the fear that accepting services will decrease their autonomy.

A. True B. False

27. Agencies can work to raise awareness of elder abuse by conducting outreach, participating in Sexual Assault Month activities, and advocating for improved funding and services at all levels of government.

A. True B. False

Chapter Eight: Criminal Justice Professionals-Questions for Criminal Justice Professionals

28. Which of the following is NOT one of the recommended remedies for working with victims who are reluctant to participate in the criminal justice process?

A. Build evidence-based prosecutions, and address victim safety B. Provide the victim with a criminal justice or court system advocate C. Invite the victim to participate in an elder abuse interdisciplinary team that will demonstrate the agency's commitment to holding abusers accountable regardless of their age D. Refer the victim to a domestic abuse agency for individual counseling, support groups, and advocacy

I'm Having to Suffer for What He Did-Myth 6

29. Which agency would be most likely to assist older abuse victims of sexual assault by accompanying them to medical exams?

A. The aging network B. A sexual assault program C. An elder abuse agency D. None of the above

Potential Defense/Rebuttal Strategy

30. If a defendant in an elder abuse case blames injuries on "caregiver stress," the recommended strategy is to complete a thorough physical and mental status exam on the perpetrator that will disprove this notion.

A. True B. False

31. In order to be able to commit to holding abusers accountable regardless of their age, agencies should develop a plan to identify any physical accommodations or adaptive aids a perpetrator will need while incarcerated.

A. True B. False

Chapter Nine: Health Care Professionals

32. When an abused patient is hospitalized, health care workers should be cognizant of the patients' visitors and look for incidences of:

A. Hovering and hypervigilance B. Answering for the patient and not allowing certain other visitors C. Minimizing patients illnesses and needs D. All of the above

I'm Having to Suffer for What He Did

33. When health care providers are working with an older victim of sexual assault, it is important to encourage the victim to speak about the incidences so that he or she can begin the healing process in a safe environment.

A. True B. False

Chapter Ten: Support Groups for Older Women

34. Which of the following is NOT one of the likely goals or benefits of having a support group specifically for older abused women?

A. To break emotional and physical isolation as the women make new friends in the support group B. To develop new coping, problem-solving, safety planning, and survival skills C. To provide a sense of nurturing and responsibility to others D. To gain a sense of hope, peace, and strength

Effective Advocacy for Older Victims

35. The autonomy-focused model was developed to assist older abuse victims in assuming or reclaiming control over their destinies.

A. True B. False

36. When the abuser of an older person is the victim's child, the victim may feel a stronger sense of embarrassment or shame, parental responsibility, and emotional bonds with the abuser.

A. True B. False

Chapter Eleven: Forms of Abuse and Abuser Tactics

37. Many professionals don't recognize adult abusers because they try to see the good in caregivers, and may focus on the emotional content of a conversation rather than recognizing abusive behavior when it is alluded to or described outright.

A. True B. False

Tips for Successful Interviews

38. When interviewing a possible abuser, it is important to use tactics that will elicit information, such as using open body language and:

A. Asking yes and no questions B. Building rapport C. Avoiding direct eye contact as it may appear threatening D. None of the above

Adult Protective Services/Elder Abuse Agency Workers

39. If an older adult makes allegations of abuse, it must be investigated thoroughly, even if the older adult has said other things that may not be true.

A. True B. False

Chapter Twelve: Additional Resources-Abuse in Later Life Wheel

40. In the abuse-in-later-life wheel, psychological abuse refers to specific tactics, such as name-calling, put-downs, and yelling used to demean the victim, while emotional abuse is the ongoing manipulative behavior that becomes an overriding tactic in abusive relationships

A. True B. False


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