Care CEUs

Nursing Homes - Private Investment Home Deficiencies

Letter

1. Deficiencies are categorized into levels according to the number of residents potentially or actually affected and the degree of relative harm involved.

A. True B. False

Nursing Home Ownership and Operations

2. Owners of nursing homes may be for-profit, nonprofit, or government entities, however, about _____ of nursing homes are for-profit businesses.

A. 1/4 B. 1/3 C. 2/3 D. 3/4

3. According to a study conducted for the Department of Health and Human Services, about half of nursing homes are part of a chain.

A. True B. False

4. After acquisition, the percentage of residents in PI homes whose care was paid for by a source other than Medicare or Medicaid was which of the following?

A. Higher on average than in other for-profit homes, but lower than in nonprofit homes. B. Lower on average than in other for-profit homes, but higher than in nonprofit homes. C. Higher on average than in other for-profit homes and nonprofit homes. D. Lower on average than in other for-profit homes and nonprofit homes.

Nursing Home Staffing

5. Lower total nurse staffing levels and lower levels of RN staffing have been linked to higher rates of deficiency citations.

A. True B. False

6. There are federal minimum standards linking nurse staffing to the number of residents.

A. True B. False

7. CMS concluded that an optimal nurse staffing ratio of _____ hours per resident day was needed to maintain quality of care.

A. 2.75 B. 3.90 C. 3.00 D. 0.45

8. Several studies have shown that for-profit nursing homes generally have lower nurse staffing ratios, and lower RN ratios, than nonprofit homes.

A. True B. False

Costs of Care and Profitability

9. Under Medicare's per diem payment systems, nursing homes have an incentive to provide care at a cost below the payment amount because they can retain any excess revenue not spent providing care.

A. True B. False

Staffing Mix Changed, with Average Reported RN Ratios Increasing More for PI Homes but CNA Ratios Increasing More for Other Homes than PI Homes

10. The unadjusted average RN ratio reported in 2009 fell short of the ratio identified as "preferred" by CMS for which of the following types of nursing homes?

A. Private Investment B. For-profit C. Nonprofit D. All of the above

11. Representatives of the operator for the nursing homes with lower CNA ratios in 2009 stated which of the following as a reason?

A. More RN's and LPN's had been hired in place of CNA's. B. Labor-saving technology to reduce turnover had been acquired. C. Fewer residents were accepted into the nursing home. D. All of the above.

Facility Costs, Including Capital-Related Costs, Increased for PI Homes and This Increase Was Greater than for Other Homes

12. Average capital-related costs per resident day in PI homes decreased from 2003 to 2008 and this change was greater for PI homes than for other types of homes.

A. True B. False

Concluding Observations

13. The analyses found an increase in the likelihood of serious deficiencies, a decrease in average reported total nurse staffing, and lower reported RN staffing for the PI-acquired homes.

A. True B. False

14. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Reported facility costs increased in the PI-acquired homes studied. B. Margins increased in the PI-acquired homes studied from before to after acquisition. C. It is possible to increase both costs and margins because certain expenditures may prevent subsequent, costly care, or increase a home's attractiveness to better paying residents. D. All of the above are true.

Identification of Datasets for Our Outcome Measures

15. Facilities were excluded from the study in either 2003 or 2009 if they had which of the following?

A. More residents than beds. B. Zero total nursing hours per resident day. C. Twenty-four or more nursing hours per resident day. D. All of the above.

16. Which of the following was not a measure to examine nursing homes' financial performance?

A. Facility costs per resident day. B. Capital-related costs per resident day. C. Length of stay per resident. D. Facility margins.


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